5. The Old Latin (OL). The OL translations—plural because there was probably no single parent text but rather a number of originally independent translations—arose in the second and third centuries A.D.20 As translations of the LXX they do not offer independent witness to the Hebrew text, but they do seem frequently to reflect original readings of the OG and so are of considerable importance to the text critic. As the Textual Notes in the present volume will show, the OL in Samuel regularly sides
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